Hydrocarbon motor



' L. M. WOOLSON HYDROCARBON MOTOR File Jan. 15- 1920 7 Sheets-ShEet 1' ifia/enifol: g 1mm (09022901:

L. M. WOOLSON HYDROCARBON MOTOR Filed Jan. 15. 9 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 oct- 12 1926. 1,602,738

4 L. WOOLSON HYDROCARBON MOTOR Filed Jan. 15,1920 '7 Sheets-Sheet 4 pgall/oak'on Oct. 12 ,1926. 7 1,602,738

L. M. WOOLSON I'XYDROCARBON MOTOR Filed Jan. 15. 192 '7 Sheets-Sheb v ,Ijg.14. 20 82 x .101

Patented Oct'. 12, 1926;-

UNITED STATES PATENT 'OFFICEJ LIONEL M.- WOOLSON, OI DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOB TO PACKARD MOTOR CAR COMPANY, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN.

HYDROCARBON MOTOR.

Application filed January 15, 1920. Serial No. 351,672.

This invention relates to hydrocarbon motors, and particularly to carburetors and mixture heating devices therefor.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a single air horn or compartment from which all of the air for the carburetor will be drawn so that should any fuel escapeto the air openings when the motor stops it would drain through said air born to a safe point away from the motor.

Another object of the invention is to providea duplex carburetor, a single float cham-v ber and a novel arrangement of air passagesfor the fuel delivering devices.

Another object of the invention is to form a carburetor with a combustion heater as an integral part of the carburetor.

Another object of the invention is to provide a carburetor with special carbureting means formed as an integral part of it for supplying mixture to a combustion heater.

Another object of the invention is to provide an adjustment'between the float and the valve of the float chamber which is accessible from the outsideof the chamber.

, Other objects of the invention will appear from the following description taken in connection with the drawings which form a part of this specification, and in which- Figure 1 is an elevation view, except the, upper left hand corner thereof, which is a section on the line 11 of Figure 2,. showing a carburetor and mixture heating'device embodying this invention;

Figure 2 is a plan view; I

Figure 3 is a vertical section substantially on the line 3-3 of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a vertical section on the line 44 of Figure 2;.

Figure 5 is a horizontal section looking, up, on the line 55 of Figure 3; I

Figure.6 is a vertical section on the line- 6-6 of Figure 3, and substantially on the line 6-6 of Figure 13,;

Figure 7 is a cross section on the line 7--7 of Figure 6; i

Figure 8 is a vertical section on the line 8-8 of Figure 2;

Figure 9 is a section o Fi ure 3;

igure 10 is a sectional View through the n the line 9-9 of 5 hollow air valve and adjacent parts as shown in Figure 3, but with thevalve in a different position;

Figure 11 is an end view of the air valve looking from the right in Figure 4;

Figure 12 is partly in elevation and partly in section on the line 1212 of Figure 2; Figure 13 is a vertical section on the line 13-13 of Figure 2, as well as on the line 1313 of Figure 12;

Figure 14 is a horizontal section on the line 14.14 of Figure 12; and

Figure 15 is a horizontal section substantially on the line 15-15 of Figure 3. The carburetor illustrated as an embodiment of this invention is what is known as a duplex carburetor and it-is particularly adapted for airplane use, but it will be understood that certain features of the invention are not necessarily limited either to a duplex carburetor or to a carburetor for airplane use. However, when the carburetor is used in an airplane, it is intended that the main body of the carburetor will be mounted inside of the fuselage, but the air horn or air intake pipe, which will be hereinbody or fuselage to a point entirely outside thereof, where any fuel drippings from the carburetor will be conveyed to a safe point away from the machine.

Referring particularly to the drawings,- 20 is a casting forming the body of the car- A buretor and heater device, and within this 1 casting are formed two parallel and vertical after described, will extend through the In each of the mixing chambers 21 is a Venturi passage 26 shown as formed by a separate block 27 mounted in the body of the carburetor. These Venturi passages form part of the mixing chambers, and at their lower ends they are open to the-atmosseparatecasting secured to the body of the phere through an air chamber or air horn 28, which air horn is shown as formed by a interiorly of Venturi form and provided with a series of openings 31 arranged at its most restricted part, which openings 31 communicate by an annular passage 32 with the passage 33 formed in the bracket 29. This bracket is detachably connected to the body of the carburetor as by screws 34.

, Arranged near opposite sides of the car buretor are vertical passages 35 which communicate at their lower ends with the passages 33 above referred to, and at their upper ends are horizontal ports '36 which open into vertical tubes 37. Each of these tubes 37 communicates through a standpipe 38, a restricted passage 39 and a large horizontal passage 40 with the interior of a float chamber 41 in which is a float 42 pivoted at 43 and controlling a valve 45 which seats at 46 immediately above a strainer chamber 47 in which is a strainer 48 and to which a gasoline or fuel supply pipe 49 is attached. The form of the pivot 43 for the float is shown in detail in Figure 9 and it comprises a trunnion piece 50 threaded into a hollow nut 51 whereby the two parts are drawn together to make tight joints at their ends, as

at 52 and 53.

The float chamber may be adjusted rela-v tively to the valve 45 by means of a thread ed sleeve 54 in which the upper end of the valve 45 is screwed. The lower end of the valve 45 is prevented from turning by the irregular formation of the block 55 in which the seat 46 is formed, and the upper end of the sleeve 54 extends through atubes 37 is a compensating well 58 which is connected with the lower part of the tube 37 by two or more restricted ports 59, shown particularly in Figures 4 and 8, and the lower end of this well 58 communicates with the .interior of the float chamber 41 through a restricted passage 60 and the large passage 40. above referred to.

stop 64 limits the oscillating movement of this valve in both directions, as shown in full and dotted lines in Figure 11.

The middle part of the air valve 62 is of somewhat less diameter than the bore 61, thus forming an annular passage 65 on the outside of the valve. This passage communicates with the interior of the valve by one or more ports 66, two being shown in Figure 6 of the drawings. The passage 65 also communicates with the atmosphere or the interior of the air horn 28 through vertical passages 67, and it will be understood that in whatever position the valve 62 is placed its interior will always be in open communication with the atmosphere through the ports and passages above referred to.

The air valve 62 passes through the carburetor body adjacent the upper ends of the passages 35 above describedand the valve is formed with two segmental slots 68 and 69 near each end, which slots are adapted to registerwith the upper end of the passage 35 when the valve is moved to open pos1-.

tion. It is also provided with a restricted opening 70 for each of the passages 35, which opening is adapted to register with the passa e when the valve is in closed position. T e valve is shown in closed position in Figure 3 and in open position in Figure 10. In said closed positlon only a sufficient amount of air is supplied to the passage 35 to prevent the liquid fuel from siphoning out of the float chamber. In the open position of the valve, as shown in Figure 10, air is supplied to the passage 35 to thereby mix and form an emulsion with the liquid fuel being delivered to said passage from the vertical tube 37. This emulsion passes downwardly through the passage 35 and into the passage 33 to the. mixture tube 30 where-it is delivered to the mixing chamber of the carburetor. 7

Near each end of the valve 62 there is formed another exterior annular passage 71 and a port 72 in the valve keeps this passage constantly open to the atmosphere. A port 73 connects the passage 71 with the upper end of the well 58 at each side of the car- 'buretor 'so. that these wells are always supplied with air at atmospheric pressure, thereby causing a constant flow of liquid fuel through the restricted openings 60 during the operation of the carburetor regardless of the suction thereof. This compensating action of the well 58 is well known in carburetors of this type.

For the purpose of supplying the upper part of the float chamber 41 with air at atmospheric pressure, two passages 74 lead from the annular passage 65 to an outlet 75 in the cover 76 of the float chamber.

For idling the motor, a tube 77 extends downwardly into and nearly to the bottom of each of the wells 58 and the upper end of this tube communicates through ports 78' and 79 with a passage 80 which leads to the interior of the mixing chamber 21 just above the throttle 22 when the latter is in closed position as shown particularly in Figures 3, 8 and-14. This passage 80 is also shown in dotted lines in Figure 2. It connects with the chamber 21 tangentially and consequently the id." 1g gas tends to follow around the walls of the mixing chamber and thereby absorb heat supplied thereto as hereinafter described. I

Referring particularly to Figures 1, 3 and 13, it will be seen that the carburetor body 20 is formed at the left hand side thereof with the chamber 81, with only a thin wallbetween it and the mixing chambers 21, so that part of the chamber 81, as shown particularly in Figure 13, lies between the vertical parallel mixing chambers 21. This chamber 81 may be said topartly jacket the carburetor body and for the purposes of this invention it is a heating jacket and is called a combustion chamber.

At each side of the carburetor this combustion chamber 81 has an outlet into the respective mixing chambers 21 above the throttle valve 22. This is particularly shown in Figures 1, 12 and 14, where 82 indicates an upwardly extending outlet passage and 83 is a plug having a contracted passage 84 therein, which passage communicates with the mixing chamber 21 above the throttle valve 22 as above stated. By this arrangement the suction of the motor is always communicated to the combustion chamber 81 and when the throttle valves are closed this sucti on is particularly high and att-hat time the combustion chamber operates at its maximum. When the throttle valves are opened the suction, of course, is less due to the fact that. the motor is supplied by the carburetor and the heater is less active.

The. combustion chamber 81 is supplied with a combustible mixture by oarbureting means which forms a part of the carburetor proper. This carbureting means is shown as mounted on the opposite side of the carburetor body from the combustion chamber 81 and somewhat between the mixing chambers 21. Figure 13 particularly illustrates this carbureting means which has a vertical mixing passage 85 which is very much contracted at the point 86 by reason of the projection thereinto of a tube 87 having outlets 88 at said contracted point of the passage 85. T he. passage 89 in the tube 87 extends downwardly through a contracted opening 90 into the interior of the float chamber 41 so that this carbureting means receives its liquid fuel from the same source as the other carbureting devices.

This heater carbureting means is also formed with a compensating well 91 surrounding the tube 87 and having a series of I sage 85 to a cross ports 92 connecting it with the passage 89 in supplied with air at atmospheric pressure from the annular passage 65 described particularly in connection with Figure 6 and surrounding the air valve 62. It will be seen that. the bore 61 through the body of the carburetor intersects the lower part of the passage 85 for this purpose.

It will be understood, of course, that the air and fuel passages in this carbureting means are suitably proportioned to produce a correct mixture of gasoline and air and that this mixture passes up through the paspassage 95, adjustably controlled by a valve 96, to an annular passage 97 and from said passage through a series of ports 98 into a downwardly extending conduit 99 and a screen 100 into the combustion chamber 81 above referred to. Directly in the path of the gas passing into the combustion'chamber is a spark plug 101, or other suitable ignitor, and a glass window 102 permits inspection of the operation of the device. I

It will be seen that a part of the combustion chamber 81 is formed in a casting 103 which is detachably secured to the carburetor body as by a series of bolts 104, and the spark plug 101 and a removable plug 105 are mounted in this casting and the plug 105 retains the screen 100 in position and has formed in it the passage 97 and the ports 98 above referred to.

From the above description it will be seen that the suction of the motor draws a combustible mixture from the carbureting 'means referred toand this mixture is fired in the combustion chamber 81 and the burnt as therefrom passes into the mixing cham- %er of the carburetor above the throttle valve where it mixes with the fresh mixture passing through the main carburetor into the motor. Because of the offset or tangential arrangement of each of the passages 84 relative to its respective mixing chamber 21, the incoming burnt gas causes a whirling action in the mixing chambers whereby its heat is more quickly transferred to the fresh mixture. This is particularly true under idling conditions when the tangential arrangement of these passages and of the passages 80 above described cooperate in causing the whirlin action described. The result is the quick an other liquid fuel from the thoroughheating of the fresh mixture and the making of it a dry gas which is more eas ily exploded in the .motor cylinders. Also,

the combustion chamber 81 being'in the form of ajacket around a part of the main body of the carburetor, tends to keep the carburetor body itself warm and thereby further heat the mixture being formed within it.

' VVhile'I have herein described in some detail a specific embodiment of my ilfvention, which I deem to be new and advantageous and may specifically claim, I donot desire to be understood that my invention is limited to the exact details of the construction, as it will be apparent that changes may be made therein without departure from the spirit or scope of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a carburetor, the combination of parallel mixing chambers and means for delivering mixture thereto, ofacombustion heater formed as an' integral part of said carburetor and at one side of said mixing chambers, and carbureting means mounted on the opposite side of said mixing chambers and adapted to deliver mixture to said heater.

2 In a carburetor, the combination of a mixing chamber, fuel delivering means connected to said chamber, a combustion heater, fuel delivering means for said heater, and an air valve through which air may pass to both of said fuel delivering devices.

3. In a carburetor, the combination with a mixing chamber, of means for supplying of means forsupplying an idling mixture to said chamber tangentially thereof and above said throttle valve.

5.*In a carburetor,the combination with a mixing chamber, of means for supplying mixture thereto tangentially, a combustion heater, and means for delivering gas from said heater to .said chamber tangentially thereof.

6. In a carburetor, the combination with a mixing chamber having a throttle valve, of means for supplying an idling mixture to said chamber and a combustion heater hav ing its outlet arranged to cause a whirling 

